Steelwork design guide using locally produced steel sections second edition

Aims principally at students who are following courses in steelwork design as well as at practicing professionals who are interested in the subject. The book consists of design calculations of building elements such as beams, columns, and connections, using locally produced steel sections. Step by step calculations in the design of these elements are presented here to assist civil engineering students and interested professionals alike. The design is based on BS 5950: Part1:1990 Structural use of steelwork in buildings using the dimensions and properties of hot-rolled steel sections produced locally by PERWAJA Steel Sdn. Bhd

Sustainable Livelihoods and Livelihood Diversification

This paper constitutes a preliminary output of the ODA-funded research programme on sustainable livelihoods being carried out by the Institute of Development Studies and the Poverty Research Unit at the University of Sussex, in collaboration with the International Institute for Environment and Development. This programme aims to explore the alternative routes to sustainable livelihoods pursued by rural people in contrasting agro-ecological settings in four countries: Bangladesh, Mali, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe. In relation to this aim, the overall focus is to understand how institutional arrangements determine rural people’s entitlements, provide the setting within which they construct their livelihoods, and determine who gains and loses in the struggle to maintain livelihoods. It is proposed that rural people construct their livelihoods via three main strategies: agricultural intensification; livelihood diversification; and migration. This paper explores the second of these strategies using evidence from Asia and Africa

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Performance of Suspended Curved Breakwaters

The purpose of breakwaters is to protect the ports, beaches, or beach facilities from strong waves and storms, as they help establish calm inside the port and thus achieve safety for ships and ease of operation. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of unconventional alternatives to the vertical breakwater in order to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of the proposed models. Two proposed cases for a semi-submerged breakwater were selected in the form of a half-pipe section with an inside diameter of 20 cm and a thickness of 1 cm. Case (a) was of the concave type of semicircular breakwater, while case (b) was of the convex type. Numerical modeling FLOW 3D was used to construct numerous scenarios for numerical simulation of the proposed breakwaters. The obtained results indicates that, when comparing the wave transmission coefficient (Kt) and its reflection coefficient (Kr) with the relative water depth (h/L), the transmission coefficient decreased with the relative height of the wave, while the reflection coefficient was completely reversed. In case (a), Kt was less than in case (b) at a range of 10% to 15%, while Kr in case (a) was bigger than in case (b) at a range of 5% to 10%. When the wave hit the breakwater, it was reflected back as its energy is dissipated in less water depth and its speed decreases as it approaches the port. The velocity of the wave decreases as it approaches the bottom, which means that the wave is affected by the depth of the water, i.e. the lower the water depth, the lower the wave velocity. Case (a) was more efficient and effective in wave dissipation, current velocity, and bed stability than case (b), so it is recommended to use case (a) due to its efficiency in protecting coastal areas and generating electricity

Comparative Analysis of Mammography Image Segmentation Strategies

Breast cancer is a serious medical problem that affects women all over the world, and it is one of the most well-known tumors that kill women. The specialists of Breast cancer Prefer to use imaging methods such as a mammography to speed up recovery and reduce the risk of breast cancer. An ROI describe the tumor will be retrieved from the image that is entered to detect a malignant tumor. One of the basic techniques used to classify breast cancer is segmentation. Segmentation may be difficult in the presence of noise, blurring or low contrast. Pre-processing aids in the removal of extraneous data from a picture or the enhancement of image contrast in the early stages. Classification is greatly influenced by segmentation. Recent research have presented automatic and semi-automated segmentation algorithms for extracting the region of interest (ROI), lesions, and masses to check for breast cancer. In this study provides high-level overview of approaches of segmentation, with a focus on mammography images from current research. The datasets that were available were discussed as well as the problems encountered during the segmentation operation for the identification of breast cancer

Sistemas de conocimiento ágil en la política pública desde la integración del estado y la sociedad civil a partir de la participación ciudadana

The following text aims to present a reflective analysis of the conceptualization and implementation of public policy as a mechanism for citizen participation. The theoretical and practical reflection that will be addressed is situated within the context of a bibliographic review, which incorporates several novel conceptual and methodological aspects related to systematic methodologies that have emerged in recent years. In this theoretical and practical review, the concept of interrelation of actors (public, private, and civil society) as fundamental entities of the social system is taken as a starting point, addressing Colombia's experience in identifying and understanding the social elements that constitute the design of the public policy route. As a result, tools for executing the agile mindset applied to the construction of public policies were generated.   Currently, systematic methodologies have been developed that allow for a more agile approach in the construction of public policies, which can result in greater efficiency and effectiveness in their implementation. In this context, the agile mindset has emerged as a valuable tool in the construction of public policies. This methodology is based on an agile and flexible mentality that focuses on delivering value to the end customer or user. The agile mindset methodology focuses on collaboration, iteration, and a focus on the end-user, allowing public policy teams to quickly adapt to changes and environmental needs.  El siguiente texto, tiene como propósito presentar un análisis reflexivo sobre la conceptualización e implementación de la política pública como un mecanismo de participación ciudadana, la reflexión teórica práctica que se abordará, se ubica en el contexto de la revisión bibliográfica, la cual incorpora varios aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos novedosos relacionados con metodologías sistemáticas que han emergido en los últimos año. En esta revisión teórico/práctica se parte del concepto de interrelación de actores (públicos, privados y sociedad civil) como entes primordiales del sistema social, abordando la experiencia que ha tenido Colombia en la identificación y comprensión de los elementos sociales, que constituyen el diseño de la ruta de la política pública. Como resultado se generaron las herramientas de ejecución del agile mindset aplicado a la construcción de políticas públicas. En la actualidad, se han desarrollado metodologías sistemáticas que permiten un enfoque más ágil en la construcción de políticas públicas, lo que puede resultar en una mayor eficiencia y eficacia en la implementación de estas políticas. En este contexto, el agile mindset ha emergido como una herramienta valiosa en la construcción de políticas públicas. Esta metodología se basa en una mentalidad ágil y flexible que se enfoca en la entrega de valor al cliente o usuario final. La metodología agile mindset se centra en la colaboración, la iteración y el enfoque en el usuario final, lo que permite a los equipos de política pública adaptarse rápidamente a los cambios y necesidades del entorno. &nbsp

Hydrological Study of Groundwater and its Appropriateness for Irrigation

Irrigation in most countries represents the largest share of all water use. Groundwater is the main water resource after the water of the Nile River in Egypt. The water situation in the future is not optimistic due to the economic development, the increase in population growth and the increase in the agricultural area, especially after the completion of the construction of Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, so suitable alternatives must be provided for irrigation water. This paper presents a hydrological study on groundwater for use in irrigation in Assiut, Upper Egypt, so that alternatives can be provided to the Nile River for water used for irrigation purposes and appropriate uses. The experiments were performed using an experimental form created to achieve the purpose of the study. The model consisted of a cascade aerator and a sand filter. packed bed filter was added to be filled with some media before the sand filter. The media that were used in the study were plastic balls (80 mm), gravel (5-8 mm) and coarse gravel (15-30 mm). The results showed that use of water leads to improving the efficiency of groundwater and thus making it suitable for irrigation purposes. Using this model with the addition of the media used in this study, groundwater was improved by up to 90% and therefore it could be used for irrigation. Finally, it is believed that the results of this study are useful in hydrological studies of groundwater for conditions similar to the ones under which this study was conducted

A Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Algorithms for a PMSG‐based WECS for Isolated Applications: Critical Review

This chapter deals with a comprehensive overview study of the direct‐driven (DD) permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for wind‐energy generation system for stand‐alone applications. The dynamic model of PMSG is presented, and different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been realized in the aim to compare their performance. A comparison of performances of the conventional P&O MPPT and the fuzzy logic P&O (FLC P&O) MPPT is presented. Control technique for the presented system is presented and analyzed for the generator side converter. The simulation results carried out using Matlab/Simulink software show the effectiveness of the wind turbine control system

Mobile phone adoption and appropriation among the Malaysian teenagers: the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Given the significant impact the wireless technologies provided to date, not many research can be found conducted in understanding the pattern of wireless use and adoption among various cohorts of the Malaysian population particularly those of teenagers. This research conducted in order to find out about the pattern of wireless technologies? adoption and use among the Malaysian teenagers. Subsequently, this study expects to establish an understanding of the usage pattern based on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations theory and the adoption?appropriation of technology perspective. This study should provide a very important contribution to the understanding of teenagers and their mobile phone use behavior. At the same time, this study can also assist in policy development of wireless phone application among high school students and allows for respective authority to re-think of how to exploit the technology to benefit the teenagers for the purpose of learning and motivation. In addition, the findings may also contribute to the modeling of mobile phone use as a strategy to match mobile phone design to user?s technological needs and expectations